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Jakob Kaiser

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Jakob Kaiser
Jakob Kaiser, 1950
Federal Minister of All-German Affairs
In office
20 September 1949 – 29 October 1957
ChancellorKonrad Adenauer
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byErnst Lemmer
Member of the Bundestag
for Essen III
In office
7 September 1949 – 6 October 1957
Preceded byConstituency established
Succeeded byHans Toussaint
Member of the Reichstag
for Düsseldorf East
In office
21 March 1933 – 12 December 1933
Preceded byMulti-member district
Succeeded byConstituency abolished
Personal details
Born(1888-02-08)8 February 1888
Died7 May 1961(1961-05-07) (aged 73)
NationalityGerman
Political partyZentrum (before 1945)
CDU (after 1945)

Jakob Kaiser (8 February 1888 – 7 May 1961) was a German politician and resistance leader during World War II. He served in the Reichstag before the war and the Bundestag after. He was also the first Federal Minister of All-German Affairs, serving from 1949 until 1957.

Early life

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Kaiser was born in Hammelburg, Lower Franconia, Kingdom of Bavaria. Following in his father's footsteps, Kaiser began a career as a bookbinder. It was during this time that he became politically active as a member of a Catholic trade union, through which he became a leader of the Christian labour movement during the Weimar Republic.[1]

Weimar Republic

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Kaiser's official Reichstag portrait, 1933

Kaiser increased his participation in politics by becoming a member of the Centre Party, where he began serving in the role of representative chairman of Rhineland in 1919. He was elected to the Reichstag in 1933.[2][3]

Resistance

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After the Nazis came to power in 1933, Hitler abolished all unions, replacing them with the Nazi controlled German Labour Front. Kaiser opposed National Socialism and he joined the resistance in 1934. He was arrested by the Gestapo in 1938 under suspicion of treason, but released shortly thereafter.[4]

Through his participation in the Cologne-resistance circle, Kaiser became a close associate of the former Mayor of Leipzig, Carl Goerdeler.[5] His relationship with Goerdeler allowed him to come into contact with Claus von Stauffenberg. Although he was not directly informed of the 20 July Plot, his knowledge of Stauffenberg's intention to assassinate Hitler as well as his close ties to the resistance group forced him to go into hiding for the remainder of World War II.[6]

Leader of the East German CDU

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Kaiser standing at podium
Kaiser at the East German CDU convention, 1947

After the war, Kaiser returned to politics and worked with Andreas Hermes to found the East Berlin division of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He was elected president of the Berlin CDU (both the Western and Eastern sections of the party).

Kaiser belonged to a group within the CDU called the Christian Socialists. They called for the nationalisation of some major industries. In 1946, Kaiser helped found the Free German Trade Union Federation (FDGB). In the same year he was elected co-chairman of the East German CDU (together with Ernst Lemmer). Although his political views were progressive, he was critical of the Communist Party of Germany and its Soviet-supported leaders. His belief that the German Congress was controlled by the Soviets resulted in his refusal to join.

In 1947, during the Ahlen conference, a joint conference of West and East German CDU leaders, Kaiser's plan of nationalisation of key industries and other moderate left-wing ideas were adopted by the party. That same year, the Soviets forced him to resign as party chairman. However, he remained a member of the party's executive committee.

In 1948, Kaiser was forced to leave East Berlin and he went to West Berlin where he joined the West German Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Within the CDU he became a major rival of Konrad Adenauer, the party leader. Kaiser disagreed with Adenauer's social market economy and called for the nationalisation of key industries. Kaiser strongly believed in a neutral, united Germany, and hoped that Germany would be a bridge between the West and the East. In 1950, Kaiser was elected a vice-chairman of the West German CDU. From 1949 until 1957 he was Minister of All-German Affairs in Adenauer's cabinet.[7]

Photograph of tombstone
Kaiser's grave in the Waldfriedhof Zehlendorf

Kaiser died on 7 May 1961 in Berlin.[8] He is buried in the Waldfriedhof Zehlendorf, in the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough of Berlin.[9]

Marriages

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Kaiser was married twice. In 1953, after the death of his first wife, he married his longtime colleague in trade union activism, Elfriede Kaiser-Nebgen (1890–1983). She was instrumental in helping to save his life after the failure of the 20 July Plot.[10]

Legacy

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Mayer, Tilman (2004). "Jakob Kaiser." Christliche Demokraten gegen Hitler: Aus Verfolgung und Widerstand zur Union. Ed. Buchstab, Günter; Kaff, Brigitte; Kleinmann, Hans-Otto. Freiburg, Germany: Herder, 2004. p. 324. Print. ISBN 978-3-451-20805-8
  2. ^ Mayer, p. 325
  3. ^ "Kaiser (Köln), Jakob". reichstag-abgeordnetendatenbank.de. Verhandlungen des Deutschen Reichstags. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  4. ^ Mayer, p. 326
  5. ^ Mayer, p. 325
  6. ^ Mayer, p. 326
  7. ^ Mayer, p. 327
  8. ^ Mayer, p. 328
  9. ^ Wernicke, Ingolf (2010). Berliner Friedhofsspaziergänge. Berlin: Jaron Verlag. ISBN 978-3-89773-644-3. p. 127.
  10. ^ Schneider, Dieter. '"Elfriede Nebgen: Auf der Suche nach Synthese und Einheit" (Elfriede Nebgen: In Search of Synthesis and Unity). In Sie waren die ersten. Frauen in der Arbeiterbewegung (They were the first: Women in the labour movement), Dieter Schneider, ed. Frankfurt: Büchergilde Gutenberg, 1988, ISBN 3-7632-3436-5, pp. 269-284.
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